The organization put in place after the Civil War to provide schools in the South was known as: answer choices The Civil Rights Committee Following Lincoln's assassination, the task of implementing Reconstruction fell to his vice president, Andrew Johnson. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. The impeachment of Johnson. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. Some of this language may be difficult for students to understand without some guidance. 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Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>stream The amendments created to protect black freedoms seemed like a huge step in the right accomplished nothing, it was almost never enforced. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". a person from the northern states who went to the South after the Civil War to profit from the Reconstruction. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South. The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF 75RockiCr ? "waving the bloody shirt" reminded the voters of Grant's war victory. Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Grant won the 1868 presidential election by a landslide in the Electoral College, but only won the popular vote by 300,000 ballots. Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. Think. 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream WebIdentify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Question 4 Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. Ex. ~~C9;9owSQ?C ` N- endstream endobj startxref they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan. It was known as the 10% Plan. he was lincoln's vice president and a southern democrat. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Sharecropping. The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. By allowing the former Confederates to reenter the political arena, Republicans faced an uphill battle against the surge in Democratic support and voter-suppression tactics aimed at Republicans and African Americans. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. Fear of black rule. What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. exodusters- black refugees fleeing north or west from depression and violence. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream still conservative Republicans. This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. To reinstate slavery in parts of the United States, To fix damage done to buildings during the war, To rebuild the southern economy and society. HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 In parallel, the "Lost Cause" narrative of the Civil War argued that the Confederacy had been justified in its effort to secede from the Union and that Reconstruction had been a mistake. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? HUn0+(cj , @X! What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. They were northerners who came south for jobs. Who was it supposed to help? Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. B 9. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. It gave native born blacks citizenship. You can find more resources to supplement this lesson at ourSmithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI many became sharecroppers. and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? The teacher should divide the class into four small groups. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Once you are finished, click the button below. the redeemers. He antagonized the northern voters. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Women still could not vote. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. HUj@}WDn! President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. How did the results of Reconstruction policy shape the politics of the reconstructed states and the nation at large? Why was the former Confederacy divided into military districts by the federal government? What did the conflict between Johnson and Congress result in? Senators? >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 It gave women the right to vote in the United States. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. a white Southerner who collaborated with northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often for personal profit. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. For all groups: The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Group A: Excerpt from Frederick Douglass, Address to the Massachusetts Antislavery Society, April 1865, Group B: Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. What paragraph clues help you determine the possible meaning of the word? 0 e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W D 7. 414 0 obj <> endobj Did Congress like the 10% Plan? It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Reconstruction in Practice. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. Although the Lost Cause narrative argued that Grant's presidency had been a complete failure, more recent scholarship has attempted to reevaluate his legacy in a more balanced manner, highlighting both the accomplishments and shortcomings of his eight years in office. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. In fact, African Americans took part in all the conventions and made up the majority of delegates in South Carolina. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. In addition to reviewing the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, each group will be assigned to cover one additional (but short) document and make a presentation to the class summarizing the views presented in it. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. [6O;},DLJ ^;4Orqb.:)O.FXl-%}ZXMHlxixt0CM@)Ymr3xQwv_D&?Qe2}=4#r"A: %QHW)/7+ "IG Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. 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How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. 2 Third step is about monitoring of collections 3 Involves the evaluation of. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream In preparation for teaching this lesson, the teacher should review the entire lesson plan, including introductory background information. WebThe Reconstruction period lasted from 1865 to 1877. In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been recalled from the South. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been The 10 year period after the Civil War is. Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. HUMO@W o%T@EBQ6P}wwIJ/$7~\]1U 7d9c$y_M)8L%D/*rTPg2QL(Ies>U,;1Q8U#91 EbS Please wait while the activity loads. !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Alexander Stephens. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. . The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? answer choices Time period after the Civil War Attempt to rebuild and reunite the North and South When 3 new amendments to the Constitution were passed All of the above! first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. The Radical. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. Losing the Civil War meant that the South would have to conform to the laws of the United States.
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