. Climate Of The Ecoregion The ecoregion is significantly influenced by the westerlies (winds blowing from the west). The emergent layer includes the tops of the highest trees. Many distinctive life forms of reptiles in tropical Asia are arboreal. The reptilian fauna also includes several pythons and minute blind snakes (family Typhlopidae); a great variety of geckos, skinks, and agamid lizards; side-necked turtles (family Chelidae); and three species of crocodiles. Examples include the sand snakes (Psammophis), cobras, and chameleons (family Chamaeleonidae). Theyre bright green, with orange-tinted eyes and a pointed snout. Temperate rainforests occur in small pockets in Europe, Asia, New Zealand and Japan. North American Temperate Rainforest Animals. Yes, foxes live in a variety of habitats, including the temperate forest. Many familiar houseplants are native to his part of the rainforest (philodendrons, zebra plants, and prayer plants, for example). Wallabies (relatives of kangaroos), bandicoots (omnivorous marsupials about the size of an opossum) and potoroos (another kangaroo relative that resembles the bandicoot) all live on the floor of the Australian temperate rainforest. [4] [5] Later, German climatologist Rudolf Geiger (1894-1981) introduced . [6] These inland rainforests have more continental climate with a large proportion of the precipitation falling as snow. Such forests occur between approximately 25 and 50 latitude in both hemispheres. Temperate rainforests, unlike tropical rainforests, usually have two seasons: a long wet season and a short dry season. Chiba: Chiba University Publications. Although not as biodiverse as tropical rainforests, temperate rainforests are home to a rich variety of living species. Fallen leaves litter the forest floor. The tropical rainforest is a hot, moist biome where it rains all year long. It is really only where a mature tree falls and creates a gap in the canopy that new seedlings have a chance of growing. Beech trees are up to 45m (148ft) tall and some specimens are estimated to be over 300 years old.[32]. Reptiles, snakes especially, make up a large number of rainforest species. [13] They are also listed in the British National Vegetation Classification as British NVC community W11 and British NVC community W17 depending on the ground flora. Green mambas use their venom against all kinds of prey, including rodents, birds, and bats. The deciduous forests of North America had been cleared almost completely by the end of the 19th century. Tasmania, South of Australia. ActiveWild.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for website owners to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon stores. more information on current conditions Rainlots of it. Large, old trees. Temperate Rainforest. Thank you for reading! Licorice fern - Polypodium glycyrrhiza Rainforests play an integral role in the Earths survival -- more than 20 percent of the worlds oxygen is produced in the Amazon rainforest alone, and more than half of the worlds estimated 10 million species of plants, animals and insects inhabit tropical rainforests around the globe. What really makes a temperate rainforest special is the rich tapestry of life that grows on and around the trees. Animals in the Temperate Rainforest Biome. The Green Anaconda (also called anaconda or water boa) which inhabits the tropical rainforests of South America is the heaviest snake in the world and also one of the longest. Younger spruce and fir and shrubs like raspberry, blackberry, hobblebush, southern mountain cranberries, red elderberry, minniebush, southern bush honeysuckle are understory vegetation. Green mambas might just be one of the prettiest snakes that live in the rainforest. 2020. Terrestrial groups include tortoises, ground-dwelling snakes, and many genera of lizards. A fine example of this forest is in South Africa's Tsitsikamma National Park. [5] The Northern California coastal forests are home to the Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), the world's tallest tree. Temperatures in tropical rainforests move between 70-85F. Temperate forests are also wetter than deserts but drier than rainforests. Mosses, spike mosses, ferns and lichens festoon tree trunks and branches, giving the forest a "jungle-like" feel. Across Siberia only L. vivipara and V. berus live north of 60 N. In North America no reptile is found at 60 N latitude or higher. In the temperate forests of Tasmania, the cypress Athrotaxis selaginoides, also known as the King Billy Pine, is common. Except for the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) and the Indian gavial (Gavialis gangeticus), crocodiles are absent from temperate Eurasia. Other temperate rainforest regions include areas of south eastern Europe such as mountains on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea, surrounding North Western Bulgaria along with the Black Sea. Accessed on 29 September 2020, from https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/. Deciduous forests contain primarily trees which lose their leaves in the winter. Shape The World. The Gymnophthalmidae (or microteiids), close relatives of the teiids, are a diverse group of small-bodied lizards that live largely in and under leaf litter in the West Indies, Central America, and South America north of central Argentina. They're extremely venomous but rarely come into contact with people. This, along with regular fog, provides the high precipitation that characterizes these rainforests. Rainfall of the temperate rainforest ranges from 60 to 200 inches of rain per year. Temperate rainforests. Fully half the species of woody plants are endemic to this ecoregion. Ocean-Born Forests The lush forests in the Quinault, Queets, Hoh, and Bogachiel valleys are some of the most spectacular examples of primeval temperate rain forest in the lower 48 states. WA A few types of reptiles characteristic of the Asian tropics extend into the temperate zonesuch as several rear-fanged snakes (Boiga trigonata and Psammodynastes), some cobras of the genus Naja, several species of softshell turtles (Trionychidae), and some species of skinks and geckos. An additional 7 to 12 inches of precipitation per year comes from fog. The Pacific coast of North America is home to the world's largest temperate rainforests. Over 250 species of birds live in the Olympic National Park in Washington, including woodpeckers, Stellar jays, gray jays, blue grouse, ruffed grouse, varied thrush, bald eagles, warblers, sparrows and kingfishers. Variations in a flock of starlings 4. bees, jack rabbits, diamondback rattlesnakes 1 See answer Advertisement Advertisement ShielaMondiego ShielaMondiego Answer: 1.bacteria, garter snakes, tigers. Surprisingly, the soil in a rainforest is shallow and has little nutrients. Other animals found in temperate rainforests include; raccoon, bobcat, mountain lion, mountain beaver, mink, Pacific giant salamander, shrews, pine sisken, and great horned owls. This layer of the temperate rainforest is home to many different species of mosses, ferns, fungi and lichens, which coat the tree trunks, rocks and soil. Karen earned her Bachelor of Science in geology. They are broadleaf evergreen forests with the exception of montane rainforests of Tasmania. However, the range of one viviparous pit viper reaches to almost 50 S, and the ranges of two iguanid lizardsMagellans tree iguana (Liolaemus magellanicus) and the Cascabel rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus)extend to almost to 55 S. The temperate zone of Eurasia is noted for its many lizards of the families Agamidae and Lacertidae, and, to lesser degrees, Gekkonidae and Scincidae. The west-facing Quinault, Queets, Hoh and Bogachiel river valleys all host rain forest. An orchid . Bigleaf maple - Acer macrophyllum Learn about some of these types including deserts, temperate deciduous and tropical rainforests, savannas, freshwater biomes, and coral reefs. These are generally the most infamous rainforest snakes, and you will most likely hear rainforest guides telling stories about close encounters with this group. The mountainous coniferous forests of the Changbai Mountains bordering China and North Korea are also a good example, containing some of the richest high-elevation coniferous evergreen forests in East Asia. The temperate rainforests of South Africa are part of the Knysna-Amatole forests that are located along South Africa's Garden Route between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth on the south-facing slopes of South Africa's Drakensberg Mountains facing the Indian Ocean. Here the natural forests are mainly broadleaf evergreen in lower elevations and deciduous in higher elevations. In the past there were more deciduous forests, but many of these forests were cleared to make land for growing crops. It is more informative to consider the plant and animal communities of each of the major temperate rainforests individually. The majority of snakes that inhabit rainforests are non-venomous; however, several species inflict deadly venom with each bite. From the giant anaconda to multi-colored tree snakes, reptile diversity within the rainforest biome is high compared to other ecosystems. Some reptilian genera from sub-Saharan Africa also occur in North Africa and in southwestern Asia. The forests are made up of coniferous podocarps and broadleaf evergreen trees. Temperate rain forests can be temperate coniferous forests or temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. In the northern hemisphere, there are small, relict patches of temperate rainforest in Ireland, Norway, Iceland and the UK., but these are greatly diminished from their original extent. Being under strict protection means not only that the trees that die of old age are not being cleared or removed, but even picking herbs or mushrooms is forbidden. Reptiles of the north temperate zone include many ecological types. Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services program is the primary federal program responsible for implementing the ESA. Most of the precipitation occurs in winter, similar to Mediterranean climates, but in summer, fog moisture is extracted by the trees and produces a fog drip keeping the forest moist. This forest was known for most of the history for being home to the now extinct Caspian Tiger. Wild flowers, such as bluebells, columbines or Indian paintbrushes, spring up. A temperate rainforest is a forest that receives a high amount of rainfall and is located in a temperate region (i.e., between the tropics and the polar regions in both the north and south hemispheres). Reptiles living here include the Tasmanian tree frog, tiger snake and brown skink. Then sign up right now and you'll start receiving our daily newsletter absolutely free. Want to discover the 10 most beautiful snakes in the world, a "snake island" where you're never more than 3 feet from danger, or a "monster" snake 5X larger than an anaconda? Approximately 30 percent of Australias animal species inhabit temperate rainforests. They vary in their species composition, but are all predominantly coniferous, sometimes with an understory of broadleaved trees and shrubs. Lizards, snakes and frogs are also common. The temperate rainforest is a moist environment. Numerous other species fall between these extremes. ), Japanese Chinquapin (Castanopsis cuspidata) and Japanese Stone Oak (Lithocarpus edulis),[37] and in higher altitudes Japanese Blue Beech (Fagus japonica) and Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata).[38]. The constant warmth and humidity of tropical rain forests provide an ideal habitat where snakes can live without having to shelter from heat or cold. Weather in Temperate Rainforests They prefer areas with rotting logs, branches and other debris where they can shelter and lay their eggs. 100s of other species of mosses, lichens and liverworts, 600 E. Park Avenue The keystone species of the temperate rain forest are mostly coniferous trees. Karen taught middle school science for over two decades, earning her Master of Arts in Science Education (emphasis in 5-12 geosciences) along the way. For example, buckeye (Aesculus) and sweet gum (Liquidambar) are two trees that no longer occur naturally in most parts of Europe, having disappeared during the climatic turmoil of the past two million years. Many . King cobras are extremely venomous, but they wont bite unless threatened or provoked. The Reticulated Python, which inhabits the tropical rainforest of . Located within temperate regions between the tropics and the poles. The average length is around 4.6 m (15.1 ft). In this list, we'll cover 9 common and interesting animals that live in temperate forests, and give you a full overview of animals found there. The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests ecoregion in northern Iran contains a jungle in the form of a rain forest which stretches from the east in the Khorasan province to the west in the Ardabil Province, covering the other provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan. Copyright 2023 ActiveWild.com. Rainbow boas are small by boa standards, growing to only six feet long. Which animal live in temperate forest and tropical rainforest? The rainforest gets an average of 50 to 250 inches (1.2-6.3m) of rain through the year. Please select which sections you would like to print: Associate Professor of Geography and Planning, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales. Over 2,000 animal species live in Seoraksan, including the Korean goral, musk deer, and there are also more than 1,400 rare plant species, such as the edelweiss. Temperatures range from hot in the summer, with highs of 86 degrees F, to extremely cold in the winter, with lows of -22 degrees F. Temperate forests receive abundant amounts of precipitation,. Accessed on 28 September 2020, from https://sciencing.com/animals-temperate-rainforest-biome-6801694.html, Mockrin, M. Undated. King cobras may be one of the scariest snakes that live in the rainforest. The area was declared a natural park (a level of protection lower than national park) in 1997. Some of the best preserved examples of forest are found in Kirishima-Yaku National Park on the Island of Yakushima off of Kysh in a very wet climate (the annual rainfall is 4,000 to 10,000mm depending on altitude). Jiri and across the peninsula's southern coastline, southwest Japan's Taiheiyo forests, coastal New South Wales and New Zealand's North Island. The monastery of Monastery of San Xon de Caaveiro also lies within the park. Australia has two types of temperate rainforests. The canopy level is the third level of the temperate rainforest. They are known to almost anything they can catch, including deer, crocodiles, snakes, monkeys . In the North American and European regions where ice-sheet development during glacial intervals was most extensive, the distances that had to be traversed were greatest, and many species simply died out. Undated. For forests, canopy refers to the upper layer or habitat zone, formed by mature tree crowns and including other biological organisms (epiphytes, lianas, arboreal animals, etc.). In areas that became much more drythough not to the extent that tree development was inhibited and only scrubland or desert environments were favouredsclerophyllous trees evolved. Climate. Avoid venomous or otherwise hazardous animals . Interestingly, in some . The top layer or canopy contains giant trees that grow to heights of 75 m (about 250 . They live throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Females grow bigger than males, with the longest reaching lengths of over six feet. Pythons are constrictors; they kill their prey by wrapping their strong bodies around it and suffocating it to death. They get their name from the pale white, yellow, light brown, and dark brown markings on their bodies. The level of endemism (species that are found nowhere else on Earth) is high in temperate rainforests. Some plant species have become shade tolerant in order to survive. The temperate rainforest in Alaska stretches along a 1000-mile long coastal arc from the border of Canada to the island of Kodiak. Florida Showdown: Who Emerges Victorious in a Burmese Python vs. Crocodile Battle? Imagine Seeing This 30-Foot Sea Snake in the Open Ocean Gulp! It is estimated that 25% of the ingredients in medicines today come from the . Temperate forests have existed since the start of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago), when the worlds climate cooled dramatically and tropical conditions became restricted to areas around the equator. Human activities have had pronounced effects on the nature and extent of modern temperate forests. Temperate rain forest regions by continent, Valdivian and Magellanic temperate rainforests, Knysna-Amatole coastal rain forests (South Africa), Atlantic Oakwood forest (Britain and Ireland), Colchian (Colchis) rain forests (Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia), Caspian Hyrcanian forest (Iran and Azerbaijan), High elevation mountain rain forests (Taiwan), Baekdu Mountain Range (Taebaek and Sobaek Mountain Ranges) and South Sea forests (Korea), Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests (Bhutan, India, Nepal), Temperate rainforests of the Russian Far East, Northern Wetbelt University of Northern British Columbia, Zazanashvili N, Sanadiradze G, Bukhnikashvili A, Kandaurov A, Tarkhnishvili D. (2004). Temperate Rain Forests Bigleaf maples in the rain forest are adorned with epiphytic mosses, ferns, and spike-mosses growing on their trunks and branches. Further south, the climate changes to mild, wet winters and cool, dry summers. ; Temperate coniferous forest (with evergreen). South American and Australian temperate forests have many plants and animals that are similar, but unrelated, to those in the . The term "rainforest" has, for many people, an image of tall trees with hanging vines and orchids inhabited by animals including jaguars, monkeys, noisy parrots and macaws, poison arrow frogs, brilliant butterflies, and vicious crocodilians and piranha. The Hoh Rain Forest is accessed by the Upper Hoh Road, off of Highway 101 . Where conditions remained relatively moist but temperatures dropped in winter, deciduous trees evolved from evergreen rainforest ancestors. Christina Stephens is a writer from Portland, Ore. whose main areas of focus are pets and animals, travel and literature. These include tropical rainforest . Discover the Largest Anaconda Ever (A 33 Foot Monster? These areas include sections of West Virginia, Western North Carolina, and Western Pennsylvania, as well as Western New York and the Adirondack Mountains. Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) are another species found in Australian rainforests and woodlands, but unlike their green cousins, these snakes inflict a venomous bite. In terms of the floristic province system used by botany, the bulk of the region is the Rocky Mountain Floristic Region but a small southern portion is part of the California Floristic Province. They are found on Chile's southeast coast in South America. Every day A-Z Animals sends out some of the most incredible facts in the world from our free newsletter. Discover alligator-eating snakes, spiders larger than your phone, and 1000 more incredible animals in our daily FREE email. Temperate rainforests too are full of large trees and experience high rainfall, but unlike tropical forests are located in the temperate zones between the tropics and the polar regions. On Southern Honsh, there is a forest with the Nachi Falls located in Yoshino-Kumano National Park. The mountains along the coast trap moisture-laden clouds moving inland from the ocean and that results in rainfall over 100" in some places. They arent merely brown snakes, though. Most of the other organisms in the forest depend on the tree's ability to turn the sun's energy into sugars using . This is a tropical rainforest. In general, species composition of this refugium is quite distinct and differs from that of the other Western Eurasian refugia. The monito del monte, an arboreal marsupial, also lives here. Major animals species, such as otters, small-eared cats, and badgers also call Hallyeohaesang National Park home, and overall there are 25 mammal species, 115 bird species, 16 reptile species, 1,566 insect species, and 24 freshwater fish species found among the forested, mountains islands. The Colchian rain forests are mixed, with deciduous black alder (Alnus glutinosa), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis), Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) together with evergreen Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana, the tallest tree in Europe at 78 m), Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). In both the Pacific Coast and Valdivian rainforests, moisture-laden clouds roll in from the Pacific and drop their rain before striking the west-facing coastal mountain ranges. Iguanid lizards of the anole genus (Anolis) are represented in northern South America and the West Indies by more than 200 species. temperate forest, vegetation type with a more or less continuous canopy of broad-leaved trees. The Valdivian rainforests are home to a variety of broadleaf evergreen trees, like Aextoxicon punctatum, Eucryphia cordifolia, and southern beech (Nothofagus), but include many conifers as well, notably Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides), one of the largest tree species of the world. barbata), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus and C. orientalis), Caucasian wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia), chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia), Caucasian oak (Quercus macranthera), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica) and Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin). Sitka spruce - Picea sitchensis Average temperate of between around 39 and 54F (4 and 12C). Arboreal snakes are few, and arboreal lizards are almost nonexistent. Author: Dr. Susan L. Woodward, Professor of Geography Emerita, Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University, Radford, Virginia. Temperate rainforests are further from the Equator than tropical rainforests so are typically cooler, and experience a wider range of temperatures. Temperate rainforests are a lot cooler than tropical rainforests, but the temperatures are still mild. Harden, G., McDonald, B. Together they are the second largest in the world, after the Pacific temperate rain forests of North America. Temperatures change from 80F in summer down to near freezing in winter. Thus, many trees that were formerly part of the European temperate forests have become extinct in the floristically impoverished forest regions of western Europe and are restricted to small refuge areas such as the Balkans and the Caucasus. Like tropical rainforests, temperate rainforests get lots of, well, rain. They fall into two subcategoriesbroad-leaved forests and sclerophyllous forests. Such groups include the lizard families Agamidae, Chamaeleonidae, Lacertidae, and Scincidae and many genera, subfamilies, and families of snakes. Tropical rainforests occur in three major geographical areas around the world. Some lizards, such as the monitors, climb only with the aid of claws. In the Valdivian region the Andean Cordillera intercepts moist westerly winds along the Pacific coast during winter and summer months; these winds cool as they ascend the mountains, creating heavy rainfall on the mountains' west-facing slopes. Temperate rainforest animals range from small birds, insects and mammals to large mammals and predatory birds. The warm temperate rainforests grow in New South Wales and Victoria. (2006). A diverse amount of photosynthesis occurs based on the location and microclimates of the forest. For example, Australian definitions are ecological-structural rather than climatic: The latter would, for example, exclude a part of the temperate rain forests of western North America, as Coast Douglas-fir, one of its dominant tree species, requires stand-destroying disturbance to initiate a new cohort of seedlings. The largest temperate rainforest stretches from Alaska into northern California in North America. Western hemlock - Tsuga heterophylla The temperate rainforests of New Zealand occur on the western shore of the South Island and on the North Island. It is known for its dense canopies of vegetation that form three different layers. Some of the largest expanses of old growth are found in Olympic National Park, Mount Rainier National Park, Tongass National Forest, Mount St. Helens National Monument, Redwood National Park, and throughout British Columbia (including British Columbia's Coastal Mountain Ranges), with the coastal Great Bear Rainforest containing the largest expanses of old growth temperate rainforest found in the world. The Vinatovaa rainforest, alternatively spelled vintovaa, is the only rainforest in Serbia. Anaga Cloud Forest, a comparative study on evergreen broad-leaved forests and trees of the Canary Islands and Japan. There are a number of species of ferns. Salmon have a special role in the health of these rainforests; they swim upstream to spawn each year and are preyed upon by bears and bald eagles. The temperate rainforests of South Africa are part of the Knysna-Amatole forests that are located along South Africa's Garden Route between Cape Town and Port Elizabeth on the south-facing slopes of South Africa's Drakensberg Mountains facing the Indian Ocean. Perhaps the most well-known and feared rainforest boa is the Amazons massive green anaconda (Eunectes murinus). ; Other classifications usually consider new types of temperate forests described in South America, such as: Tree snakes are often smaller, faster and more colorful than their ground-dwelling counterparts. In North America, animals of the temperate rainforest include invertebrates like banana slugs and thousands of species of insects and spiders. They are deciduous forests containing tree species such as black alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. The dominant species are Sitka spruce and western hemlock, but other conifers and several deciduous species grow as well. They include pythons and Asian pit vipers (Trimeresurus), vine snakes (Ahaetulla), slug-eating snakes (Pareas), flying snakes (Chrysopelea), and tree racers (Gonyosoma). In contrast, the western region (that is, the western United States and northern Mexico), which is defined by a diagonal line running southeast to northwest through Texas, then northward along the Continental Divide, has only four or five species of emydids. Genetic data suggest that the Colchis temperate rainforest, during the Ice Age, was fragmented into smaller parts; in particular, evolutionary lineages of the Caucasian Salamander from the central and south-western Colchis remained isolated from one another during the entire Ice Age.[31]. But everywhere it is darker, there is less wind, and it is more humid than the canopy above it. Few genera and species of iguanid lizards inhabit the eastern region, whereas the western region has many. Theyre capable of eating creatures as large as deer and feral pigs. It is isolated and hard to reach which helped its preservation. ), Snake Quiz - 52,884 People Couldn't Ace This Quiz, Watch A Hawk Turn From Predator to Prey In an Instant After Hunting A Snake. The Elburz or Alborz mountain range is the highest mountain range in the Middle East which captures the moisture of the Caspian Sea to its north and forms subtropical and temperate rain forests in the northern part of Iran. The Fragas do Eume is a natural park situated in Galicia, north-western Spain. As snakes that live in the rainforest, rainbow boas are endemic to Central and South America. Temperate Rainforest Ecosystems. Because of relatively infertile soils on granite, Yakushima's forests in higher elevations are dominated by a giant conifer species, Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), rather than deciduous forests typical of the mainland. Many species of cobra, including the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah), inhabit Asian rainforests, while the Amazon rainforest in South America contains coral snakes and the fer-de-lance (Bothrops asper). In Europe of 500 years ago the original deciduous forests had disappeared, although they are remembered in nursery tales and other folklore as the deep, wild woods in which children and princesses became lost and in which dwarfs and wild animals lived. Africas Congo rainforest hosts a variety of venomous snakes like the black and green mambas (Dendroaspis polylepsis and angusticeps), as well as the Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) -- the largest, heaviest viper in the world. Because of its long isolation, Madagascar possesses distinct genera and subfamilies of chameleons and other reptiles. They are home to interesting "flying" animals such as squirrels, snakes, and frogs. Some of this precipitation may occur as snow, especially in higher elevations. There are several coniferous podocarps that grow here. Coastal taipans live only in Australia and New Guinea. The alerce is the largest tree of South America. In the temperate latitudes there are many days of sunshine and the plants in these regions therefore have long growing seasons. Keystone species are species that affect the ecosystem system . bacteria, garter snakes, tigers 2. temperate rain forests and a tropical rain forest 3. , Large herbivores include elk and deer, while bobcats, bears, wolves and mountain lions are the major predators. A good example of these forests are found in Zoar Valley in Western New York (nearest major city is Buffalo, New York), Cook Forest State Park within the Allegheny National Forest (nearest major city is Pittsburgh), and Cathedral State Park in West Virginia. Common coastal temperate rainforest plants include: western red cedar western hemlock sitka spruce grand fir sword fern deer fern salal evergreen huckleberry douglas fir broad leaf maple Common coastal temperate rainforest animals include: pacific salamander tree frog raccoon banana slug crow black bear black-tailed deer wolf cougar squirrel
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