We speak in our own, or we speak locally. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. In fact, some say the intelligibility between the two is near zero. Bulharsk jazyk je plurocentrick jazyk m nkolik kninch norem. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. This is great. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. I am not saying this to slam Ukrainians, but just an observation. PS More than half of Slovenian seems to be closely related to Kaikavian and Chakavian Croatian (and probably Old Shtokavian which is almost extinct). Femke Swarte studied the mutual intelligibility of twenty Germanic language combinations. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc, or its affiliates. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. He gave me the 25% figure. Polish and Ukrainian mutual intelligibility question. There are many differences between Bulgarian and Russian speakers. Personal communication. This is also true of vocabulary and other aspects. Regular speech is generally quite fast. The more the better. Jembrigh, Mario. Click here to get a copy. "Proto-Slavonic,". The results: So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? Slovenian: 20% These attacks killed over 200 people. Grammar is almost identical. Maybe I could offer you somehow help? Theres a good reason for this: mutual intelligibility. If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. Same question, how much Chakavian can your average Shtokavian speaker understand in percentage? But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. Its a nasty drug, and I hear its addicting. Istorieskoto mu razvitie se charakterizira s etiri glavni perioda. You are a smart guy. Czech-Slovak is now 91%, Czech-Serbo-Croatian is 18%, Czech-Macedonian is 17% and Czech=-Bulgarian is 13%. I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. Basically, when you are listening to Bulgarians, you only hear an incomprehensible row of ta-jat-to-ta-jat-ta-to-ta. Therefore . Nobody Ive ever talked to that lived in Serbia had anything other than [u] for //. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. They are essentially the same language and even somebody with virgin ears can understand anybody almost perfectly, as long as he has half a brain. There is a big problem with this. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. Robert Lindsay. Woof woof! Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian . There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. However, you do say later in the text that Answer (1 of 4): Yes. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. I also run a YouTube channel where I try to put the differences within the Croatias borders online since many whove seen them were surprised (or shocked). Needless to say, Polish is very familiar too, except its phonology, getting the gist of which is just a matter of some time. But I can tell you this. Ukrainian and Belarusian are pretty much mutually intelligible (source: I am a poet in Belarusian, I go to poetry festivals in Belarus quite often and there are no interpreters for the Ukrainian poets invited to international events). While not usually considered mutually intelligible, theres also enough similarity between French and Italian that speakers of Portuguese may understand both of these languages. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. I believe [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. I always aske her about whether she understands Bulgarian and Serbian and she claims Serbian is way closer to her language rather than Bulgarian. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Other then that difference is in grammar and accent. Sledva da se otbelei, e tova delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici, a samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik, za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi. Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. I see your point, and I agree: there must be a difference in method when determining linguistic intelligibility based on different populations. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. ago. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? How close is Ukrainian language to Polish? I am a native Spanish speaker but my girlfriend is Macedonian. Civis Illustris. Croatian language doesnt exists. The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. The syntax is though very very similar! However, Russian is only 74% mutually intelligible with spoken Belarusian and 50% mutually intelligible with spoken Ukrainian. We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. Yes and if you could more than one listener, it would be great. Mutual intelligibility between languages can make learning them much easier. Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. OMG! possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. I would like to add an interesting fact Slovenian has very harsh dialects due to the historic separation of different regions. He said if he was there for about a week he could understand probably everything. I've ne. I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written Mutual intelligibility is highly subjective. Postby voron 2018-01-26, 22:33. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. BULGARIAN (transferred to the Latin script): algarskijat ezik e indoevropejski ezik ot grupata na junoslavjanskite ezici. If youre learning multiple languages at once, pairing similar languages is a great way to maximize your studying. Between sources, you might find some claiming that two languages are mutually intelligible, while other sources claim those same languages arent. A prima example of this is Russian where the 5% intelligibility could be pretty accurate in the case of a regular communication, because Russians have a very strong intonation, and they simply dont pronounce vowels properly. Thus, this exposure gives them an edge when trying to understand Czech. Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. @jacobbauthumley adrian. Was he educated? Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. In the case of transparently cognate languages officially recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication. Page 183 section 481. This gives rise to claims of Macedonians being able to understand Serbo-Croatian very well, however, much of this may be due to bilingual learning. 60%? So if you believe the fantastic conspiracy theory that 19 hijackers some have been discovered to be still alive were able to hijack 4 commercial planes for hours uninterrupted armed only with boxcutters and crash them into US largest and with the Pentagon most well guarded which has its own missile defence and radar system buildings on US? President Musharraf of Pakistan says that the CIA has secretly paid his government millions of dollars for handing over hundreds of al-Qaeda suspects to America.. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian | Animals | Slavic Languages Comparison The Best Online German Learning Resources Ukrainian phrases Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher. by Christine Ro. can take anywhere. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . It shows that Macedonians indeed grew up to certain extent as bilingual Macedonian-Serbian. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. Yes, there are some words, which has Ukraine origins, but trust me that its not so hard to understand. What language is closest to Polish? Torlakian (considered a subdialect of Serbian Old Shtokavian by some) has significant mutual intelligibility with Macedonian and Bulgarian. Pronunciation is quite different, but all patterns are easy to catch. That movie doesnt have subtitle in Serbia but I think its a big mistake. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. However, another view is that Lach is indeed Lechitic, albeit with strong Czech influence. Reading a Bulgarian text is not like reading an ordinary book in Czech, it would cost my brain much more kilojoules (but maybe mainly due to the monotonous Cyrilic script), but it is possible. They are essentially speaking the same language. As far as grammars are concerned (declension and conjugation), they are so similar that there is almost no effort in understanding that this noun is, for example, in dative plural, and that verb is imperfective past. For example, the spirantisation of Slavic /g/ to /h/ is an areal feature shared by the Czech-Slovak group with both Ukrainian and Sorbian (but not with Polish). Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. This comment is fantastic! Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. It is time to stop believing to the politically motivated propaganda about our languages and start telling the truth. Chakavian has 82% intelligibility of Kajkavian. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. Donations are the only thing that keep the site operating. The answer is that Izetbegovi is speaking too fast, he is often basically mumbling, and due to the different stress, I cannot identify, where the words start and end. Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. It is not intelligible with Shtokavian, although this is controversial. Even little kids who watch the show understand. Its specific czech and many foreiner has problem spelling it. Generally, when foreigners say speakers of a certain language speak too fast, speakers of that language can hear that fast speech just fine. Conclusion: However, Dutch speakers usually understand more German than the reverse because they study German in school. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. Although most words are in fact different, they are largely similar, being cognates, which makes both languages mutually intelligible to a significant extent; . Not only are these Slavic languages very similar to Russian in written form, but they are also around 70% mutually intelligible. My guest from Ukraine will have to guess 6 animals that I'll describe to her in Polish. Russian: 15% spoken, 25% written Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian have 10-15% oral intelligibility, however, there are Bulgarian dialects that are transitional with Torlak Serbian. Spanish has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Galician, Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, Sardinian and French. Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? The main Turkologist I worked with on that chapter told me that he thought 90% was a good metric. Thread starter Bamaro; Start date Feb 15, 2023 . What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. Yes because governments dont conspire do they except for the Gulf of Tonkin, Iraq war, drug trafficking, coups, supporting the same Islamic terrorism which is even mentioned in main stream press during the 90s with links to the 9/11 hijackers which we are now supposably fighting a phoney war on terror against. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie A Serb gave me this information. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. Only Croatians try so hard to press differences. 7. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). They give you strict % figures, and it is pretty amazing. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Ukrainian language, formerly called Ruthenian or Little Russian (now considered pejorative), Ukrainian Ukrans'ka mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, and Slovakia and by smaller numbers elsewhere. 4. Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. Macedonian is a little easier, since its more a transitional dialect between Bulgarian and Serbian. However, a Croatian linguist has helped me write part of the Croatian section, and he felt that at least that part of the paper was accurate. 1996 . Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. Below is an incomplete list of fully and partially mutually intelligible languages, that are so similar that they are sometimes considered not to be separate, but merely varieties of the same language. You are wrong about Slovenian and Croatian languages. The intelligibility of Czech and Slovak is much exaggerated. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. Therefore I would go with 25%. Czech and Slovak are more intelligible to me then Slovenian with Slovak more so then Czech. Nevertheless, the ISO has recently accepted a proposal from the Kajkavian Renaissance Association to list the Kajkavian literary language written from the 1500s-1900 as a recognized language with an ISO code of kjv. It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. Serbo-Croatian dialects in relation to Slovene, Macedonian, and Bulgarian: The non-standard vernacular dialects of Serbo-Croatian (i.e. Re: Rus/Ukr They have more in common than you might think! However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. There is just a little problem to understand east Slovaks for Czechs from naywhere. I can understand quite a bit of basic polish when it is spoken on the street, but their pronunciation is so weird its hard to notice sometimes. Very interesting. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. Czechs claim only 10-15% intelligibility of Polish. Bulgarian more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. He printed out the paper and showed it to his colleagues at the next meeting, and they spent some time discussing it. One of the most bizarre cases is that of Bulgarian, where the level of mutual intelligibility with spoken Czech is very low (close to zero), due to a completely different grammar. The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. Congratulations on a brilliant article! The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. It has been massively updated with a lot of new research from controlled scientific intelligibility studies. There is . As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. When you find out it is a separate language, you ask for %, and they often tell you! And o shifts to u. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. I also met Croats from Zagreb that never learn Slovenian or live in Slovenia and I thought they are native Slovenian speakers because they can speak Slovenian perfectly. Interesting article but I think there are some minor and some major mistakes and misunderstandigs. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. He alleges that Sheikh later double-crossed British intelligence. In other words, Ukrainian speakers can often understand Russian, while Russian speaker doesn't understand Ukrainian, especially Russian speakers from outside Ukraine. Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? Download: General Musharraf says that Sheikh, who orchestrated the abduction, was recruited by MI6 while he was studying at the London School of Economics and sent to the Balkans to take part in jihad operations there. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . In addition, a Net search was done of forums where speakers of Slavic languages were discussing how much of other Slavic languages they understand. Briefly put, mutual intelligibility is when speakers of one language can understand a related language to some degree. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities. I kind of like it though . Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. At some point he probably became a rogue or double agent, General Musharraf says. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. I have to really focus and try hard to understand them but with patience I can get buy. Vedle hlavn, pouvan v Bulharsku, existuje jet makedonsk norma, kter tak (?) It depends which dialect. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. ", "English in Scotland a phonological approach", "Mutual Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages within the Romance language family", "How Konkani Won the Battle for 'Languagehood', "Algumas observaes sobre a noo de lngua portuguesa", Romanian language Britannica Online Encyclopedia, "UCLA Language Materials Project: Language Profile", "Uzbek | the Center for East European and Russian/Eurasian Studies", "Soviet Dungan nationalism: a few comments on their origin and language", "The Linguistic Characteristic Of Esan Language: Towards Its Empowerment and Development", "Mutual intelligibility of spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic, and Tunisian Arabic functionally tested: A pilot study", "Gdzie "sicz", a gdzie "porohy"?! Complicating the picture is the fact that many Ukrainians are bilingual and speak Russian also. The two languages are not mutually intelligible, and there are significant differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Additionally, some Arabic speakers may be familiar with Egyptian Arabic through the media, so they may rely on this to bridge any language gaps. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. Between some languages, there can also be imbalanced mutual intelligibility, known as asymmetric intelligibility. This occurs when speakers of one language can understand a related language to a greater degree than speakers of the related language can understand the other. Also there have been some czecho-slovak shows in TV lately like Czecho-Slovak Idol or Talent with judges and competitors from both countries and I have never heard of anyone who would complain about not understanding. It may have been split from Polish for up to 800 years, where it underwent heavy German influence. Saris Slovak has high but not complete intelligibility of Polish, possibly 85%. Grammar, on the other hand, is a different matter altogether. In Czech rep. Slovaks dont have to pass any language exams (the other foreigner do have to). Personally Im a Taoist in relation to 9/11, the middle way, you know? The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. Rural variations are usually less mutually intelligible. I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure.